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HTML Manual (II): Syntax

HTML is a language syntax based on an element Basic
call label (tag). The label has
usually two parts:

A general opening \u0026lt;label>

A latch type \u0026lt;/ label>

Everything that is included within this tag will suffer
changes that characterize the same. As
eg

\u0026lt;b> tags and \u0026lt;/ b> define a bold text. If in our HTML document we write a sentence with the following code:

\u0026lt;b> This is bold \u0026lt;/ b>

The result is:

This is bold

\u0026lt;p> tags and \u0026lt;/ p> define a paragraph. If we write our HTML document:

\u0026lt;p> Hi, we are in 1, \u0026lt;/ p>
\u0026lt;p> Now change the paragraph \u0026lt;/ p>

The result would be:

Hello, We are in paragraph 1
paragraph
Now change



Parts of a HTML document

addition to this, a document must be enclosed in HTML tags and \u0026lt;html> \u0026lt;/ html> .
Within this document, we can distinguish two main parts:

The header, delimited by \u0026lt;head> and \u0026lt;/ head> tags where nature will post information such as the title of our page.

body, delimited by the tags and \u0026lt;body> \u0026lt;/ body> , which is where we will place text and images in turn defined by other labels as we saw earlier.

The result is a document with the following structure:


\u0026lt;html>

\u0026lt;head>

Tags and contents of the header data

not listed on our website but that are important to
cataloged: Title, keywords, etc.

\u0026lt;/ head>

\u0026lt;body>

Labels and body content

Part of the document to be displayed by the browser: Text and images

\u0026lt;/ body>

\u0026lt;/ html>


The character cases are indifferent to write tags

Labels can be written in any case combination sensitive. Ie \u0026lt;HTML> or \u0026lt;HTML> are the same label. However, you should get used to write in lowercase because other technologies that can coexist with our HTML (XML for example) are not as permissive and is never wrong to have good habits from the beginning to avoid trivial faults the future.

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HTML Manual (I): Introduction

This article will explain the first thing you should know about HTML: History, objectives and basic knowledge bases to be laid down.


What is HTML?

HTML is the acronym for HyperText Markup Language, which translates into English as a Hypertext Markup Language.
is the language that web pages are written. These can be seen through a kind of application called a browser (browser). We can say that HTML is the language used by browsers to display web pages to the user, is today the most widespread interface on the network.

This language allows us to bring together text, images and audio, and combine it to our liking. It is here where its advantage over a simple text document, HTML allows us to introduce references to other pages using hyperlinks. Evolution




The HTML language was created initially as subject to disclosure. However, it was thought that the web would become a recreation area with multimedia character, so that HTML can not respond to all possible uses would be given subsequently and the entire group of people who currently use . Given this flawed approach, over time changes were incorporated, different revisions of HTML.
as anarchic
This evolution of language, brought a number of drawbacks and deficiencies that had to be overcome with the introduction of other auxiliary technologies able to organize, optimize and automate the operation of the web. Familiar examples are CSS, JavaSript and others. Later we will see what some of them.

Another problem accompanying the HTML is the choice of browsers on the market, they are not able to interpret the same code in a unified way. This forces us to, once created the page, verify that this can be viewed correctly in all browsers, or at least in most used. Tools



browser
also necessary to see the results of our work, we need another tool to create the page itself. HTML file (a page) is no more than a text. That's why WE NEED to develop an HTML text editor.

Any simple text editor serves: vi, emacs, kedit, gedit, notepad ...). However, care must be taken with some more complex editors like Microsoft Word or Wordpad as they introduce their own code to keep the pages and can give us problems.

Other specific types of editors for creating Web pages, which offer many facilities permitem us increase our productivity. Though at first it is advisable to use a tool as simple as possible to pay close attention to our code and get familiar with it. Later we will gain time by using more advanced editors.


Basics

Thus, a page is a file that contains the HTML code as text. These files have a. Html or. Htm. So when we develop in HTML, we'll do with a text editor and save your work with. Html, eg mypage.html.

Tip: Always use the same extension in your HTML files. This will avoid confusing when writing the names of your files now with. Html and others with. Htm. If you also work in a team project, is even more important to agree to the same extent, we will save trouble creating links between pages, for example.


And that's all for now, in the next article will begin to see the syntax of the language.

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Hello World Script



start with the program starting with 90% of Perl programmers, the "
Hello World!
." The idea is simple: make print that phrase on the screen.
In this program we use an integrated feature called

print (), which sends output to a specific location. In this case such location is the standard output

(STDOUT

), ie the screen.

To start take the template and fill it with our information such as name, version, date, author and description. Once you have that will save the file as
Hello.pl
. This is a very simple, containing only one line of code.

# / usr / bin / perl-w




#--------------------

# Script Name: Hello.pl


# Script Version: 1.0
# Date: 26.08.2007
# Author: goblin
# Description: Prints "Hello World!"
screen # Revision History:

# 1.0 / : original version
#-------------------- print " Hello World \\ n ";
In future articles will explain the character
\\ n , along with others like him. Represents a line break character and makes the cursor is placed in the following line to run the program. To find the difference tested with and without it.
Now, to run the program, we must do the following:

UNIX : First of all we must make the file executable. This is done with chmod 755 Hello.pl
or chmod + x Hello.pl . For more information on chmod type man chmod . Now we can run with
. / Hello.pl . Windows



: perl Hello.pl Mac OS : Drag the file and drop Hello.pl
MacPerl the icon, then select Run Hello.pl
from the Script menu. Those

you program in other languages \u200b\u200bmay have noticed that we do not use parentheses () with the "print ()." In Perl you can use or not, our choice.
• Now that we have our first program we will modify it a little more interesting. We will make a script that we asked for the name, process the response and return a result to the screen. In this case we use a new feature called chomp (), which removes a newline at the end of a string. By accepting input from the command line, the (character) return to the user pressed is also stored in the string. Using chomp, we remove this extra newline character and focus solely on alphanumeric data input.
  
Perl also has a feature called
• chop () that removes the last character of a string. Unlike
chomp ()
• , chop () removes any character whatever, while
chomp () removes

only if it is a newline. As always we need to remove only a newline is safer to use
chomp ()
.
The first will be to user data. The way to do this is to print some text on the screen to request the name and then read what the user enters, keeping it in a variable. This information, which is viewed through standard input (STDIN

), you can easily apply chomp function. As this information is in a variable, it is also easy to reuse that variable to our print instruction. # / usr / bin / perl #----------------- # Script Name: Hello.pl # Script Version: 2.0 # Date: 26.08.2007
# Author: goblin
# Description: Prompts user for name, strips of newline character # and prints "Hello !" screen WHERE name = the whole text.
# Revision History:
# 1.0: original
# version 2.0: added prompt for user's name and returned text based on it.
#-----------------
# ask user for name
print "What is your name?"
$ input =
;
# remove newline character
chomp ($ input);
# print results to page
print "Hello $ input! \\ n";



see that you can use $ input
within quotes function print. If we had used single quotes would have sent "$ input" literally to the screen.

Now try your program and if you have any doubts leave it in the comments.



Related articles:

Perl Manual: Introduction
Perl Manual (II): Before code basic SQL Manual (I) : Introduction